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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аспирантский вестник Поволжья</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2072-2354</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2410-3764</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">688905</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35693/AVP688905</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPHTHALMOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Risk factors for the development of neoplasms of the eye and its accessory apparatus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Факторы риска развития новообразований глаза и его придаточного аппарата</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-6675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Begun</surname><given-names>Dmitrii N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бегун</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate professor, Head of the Department of Nursing</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой сестринского дела</p></bio><email>doctorbegun@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-5545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aprelev</surname><given-names>Aleksandr E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апрелев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate professor, Head of the Department of Ophthalmology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии</p></bio><email>aprelev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-852X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakirova</surname><given-names>Irina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закирова</surname><given-names>Ирина Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ophthalmologist, laser surgeon, postgraduate student of the Department of Ophthalmology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмолог, лазерный хирург, старший преподаватель, аспирант кафедры офтальмологии</p></bio><email>zak_ii96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3724-1975</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>Alena Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><email>alenaantonowa856@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Orenburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-11-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-09"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-25"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Begun D.N., Aprelev A.E., Zakirova I.I., Antonova A.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Бегун Д.Н., Апрелев А.Е., Закирова И.И., Антонова А.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Begun D.N., Aprelev A.E., Zakirova I.I., Antonova A.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бегун Д.Н., Апрелев А.Е., Закирова И.И., Антонова А.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://aspvestnik.ru/2410-3764/article/view/688905">https://aspvestnik.ru/2410-3764/article/view/688905</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim</bold> – to identify and quantify risk factors for neoplasms of the eye and its accessory apparatus and to develop a prognostic model for determining risk groups for their occurrence.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> A retrospective analysis of the data of patients with benign and malignant neoplasms of the eye and its accessory apparatus was carried out. The sample was carried out using a continuous method. Risk factors were identified and analyzed using contingency tables; χ2 criterion, relative risk, additional risk and population risk were calculated, and a risk model was constructed using the classification tree construction method.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Key risk factors were identified: alcohol consumption, race, burdened family history, presence of large and irregular moles, freckles, use of sun beds, outdoor work. Belonging to the Caucasian race, the presence of large moles and excessive tanning have the greatest impact on the risk of developing tumors.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The constructed risk model can serve as a population selection algorithm for planning activities in the work of prevention departments, health centers, and primary care physicians during screening to form target populations in need of preventive measures, lifestyle correction, and timely diagnosis of neoplasms of the eye and its accessory apparatus.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель </bold>– выявить, количественно оценить факторы риска новообразований глаза и его придаточного аппарата и разработать прогностическую модель определения групп риска их возникновения.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных пациентов с доброкачественными и злокачественными новообразованиями глаза и его придаточного аппарата. Метод исследования – сплошной. Выявлены и проанализированы факторы риска с использованием таблиц сопряженности, рассчитаны критерий χ<sup>2</sup>, относительный риск, добавочный риск и популяционный риск, построена модель риска с помощью метода построения деревьев классификации.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Выявлены ключевые факторы риска: употребление алкоголя, раса, отягощенный семейный анамнез, наличие крупных и неправильной формы родинок, веснушки, использование солярия и работа на открытом воздухе. Наибольшее влияние на риск развития опухолей оказывают принадлежность к европеоидной расе, наличие крупных родинок и злоупотребление загаром.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Построенная модель риска может служить алгоритмом отбора населения для планирования мероприятий в работе отделений профилактики, центров здоровья, врачей первичного звена при проведении скрининга для формирования целевых групп населения, нуждающихся в профилактических мероприятиях, коррекции образа жизни и свое-временной диагностике новообразований глаза и его придаточного аппарата.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>neoplasms of the eye and appendage</kwd><kwd>epidemiology of eye neoplasms</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>новообразования глаза и придаточного аппарата</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология новообразований глаз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gershenwald JE, et al. 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