Aspirantskiy Vestnik PovolzhiyaAspirantskiy Vestnik PovolzhiyaАспирантский вестник Поволжья2072-23542410-3764Samara State Medical University69851310.35693/AVP698513ORTHODONTICSОРТОДОНТИЯResearch ArticleTooth retention: analysis of prevalence among patients receiving orthodontic treatmentРетенция зубов: анализ частоты встречаемости среди пациентов, получавших ортодонтическое лечениеhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-7299-8340ShchukinaI. Y.ЩукинаИрина Юрьевна
Russian Federation

assistant of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics

ассистент кафедры стоматологии детского возраста и ортодонтии

i.ju.schukina@samsmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4454-984XPopovN. V.ПоповН. В.
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate professor, Director of the Dental Institute, Head of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics

д-р мед. наук, доцент, директор Института стоматологии, заведующий кафедрой стоматологии детского возраста и ортодонтии

studmfc@samsmu.ruIshchenkoE. A.ИщенкоЕ. А.
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), senior laboratory assistant of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics

канд. мед. наук, старший лаборант кафедры стоматологии детского возраста и ортодонтии

kateishch@gmail.comSamara State Medical UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России1102202623032026261Aspirantskiy Vestnik PovolzhiyaАспирантский вестник Поволжья28331112202527012026Copyright ©; 2026, Shchukina I.Y., Popov N.V., Ishchenko E.A.Copyright ©; 2026, Щукина И.Ю., Попов Н.В., Ищенко Е.А.2026Shchukina I.Y., Popov N.V., Ishchenko E.A.Щукина И.Ю., Попов Н.В., Ищенко Е.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://aspvestnik.ru/2410-3764/article/view/698513

Aim. To analyze the prevalence of tooth eruption anomaly in the upper and lower jaws among patients and to determine the significance of local etiological factors in orthodontic patients during the period from 2020 to 2025.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of archival data from 3,905 patients was conducted to determine the frequency of tooth retention. A representative group of 717 individuals with diagnosed retention was selected. The etiological factors of retention were analyzed, including ankylosis, premature tooth extraction, supernumerary teeth, odontogenic tumors, traumatic injuries, and ectopic eruption pathways.

Results and discussion. Clinical examination and analysis of orthopantomograms revealed 782 retained teeth among the 717 patients. Of these, 514 (65.73%) were located in the upper jaw and 268 (34.27%) in the lower jaw. In the upper jaw, retention of canines was most commonly observed, with frequencies of 17.52% in females and 15.47% in males, as well as retention of premolars (12.92% in females and 14.69% in males). In the lower jaw, premolars were the most commonly retained teeth, occurring in 11.25% of males and 10.49% of females, while the retention of second molars was 5.88% in males and 4.47% in females. Retention of incisors in the upper jaw was observed in 1.54% of females and 2.05% of males, whereas in the lower jaw, the rates were lower at 0.64% in females and 0.38% in males.

Regarding etiological factors, the leading cause of retention was premature extraction of milk teeth (39.13%), followed by ectopic eruption pathway (27.88%), ankylosis (5.63%), supernumerary teeth (2.43%), odontogenic tumors (2.56%), and traumatic injuries (4.22%). In 144 cases (18.41%), the etiology of retention remained undetermined.

Conclusion. According to the retrospective analysis, the highest frequency of retention is observed among the canines of the upper jaw. An increased incidence of premolar retention has been noted compared to previous studies. The results emphasize the significance of timely prevention and the necessity for further studies on the pathogenesis of retention, especially in cases with undetermined etiology.

Цель исследования: провести анализ распространенности аномалии прорезывания зубов на верхней и нижней челюсти у пациентов и определить значимость местных этиологических факторов у ортодонтических пациентов в период 2020–2025 гг.

Материалы и методы исследования: Проведён ретроспективный анализ архивных данных 3 905 пациентов для определения частоты ретенции зубов. Выделена репрезентативная группа из 717 человек с диагностированной ретенцией. Проанализированы этиологические факторы ретенции включая анкилоз, преждевременное удаление зубов, сверхкомплектные зубы, одонтогенные опухоли, травматические повреждения и эктопический путь прорезывания.

Результаты исследования и их обсуждение: При клиническом обследовании и анализе ортопантомограмм у 717 пациентов было выявлено 782 ретенированных зуба. Из них 514 (65,73%) находились на верхней челюсти и 268 (34,27%) — на нижней. На верхней челюсти наиболее часто наблюдается ретенция клыков: 17,52% у женщин и 15,47% у мужчин, а также ретенция премоляров — 12,92% у женщин и 14,69% у мужчин. На нижней челюсти премоляры являются наиболее распространенными ретенированными зубами, встречаясь у 11,25% мужчин и 10,49% женщин, тогда как ретенция вторых моляров составляет 5,88% у мужчин и 4,47% у женщин. Ретенция резцов на верхней челюсти встречается у 1,54% женщин и 2,05% мужчин; на нижней — 0,64% у женщин и 0,38% у мужчин). При изучении этиологических факторов установлено, что ведущей причиной ретенции стало преждевременное удаление молочных зубов (39,13 %), далее по значимости следуют эктопический путь прорезывания (27,88 %), анкилоз (5,63 %), сверхкомплектные зубы (2,43 %), одонтогенные опухоли (2,56 %) и травматические повреждения (4,22 %). В 144 случаях (18,41 %) этиология ретенции осталась неустановленной.

Заключение: По данным ретроспективного анализа, наибольшая частота ретенции наблюдается среди клыков верхней челюсти. Отмечен рост частоты ретенции премоляров по сравнению с предыдущими исследованиями. Результаты подчёркивают значимость своевременной профилактики и необходимость дальнейших исследований патогенеза ретенции, особенно в случаях с неустановленной этиологией.

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