Vol 26, No 1 (2026)

Aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of anthropometric parameters characterizing the position of teeth and dental arches relative to the LP coordinate parameter in patients aged 18-40 years with distal and mesial occlusion.

Material and methods. A retrospective comparative study included 50 patients with distal occlusion (main group 1), 80 patients with mesial occlusion (main group 2), and 50 volunteers with normal occlusion (control group), all aged 18-40 years. The inclusion criterion was the completed period of active facial skeleton growth. Assessment was performed using lateral cephalometric radiographs and digital 3D models of dental arches (STL files) analyzed in the “Ortho-3d.ru” software. Measurements of distances from the LP point to key points of the upper (Mв, 6в, 3в, Iв) and lower (Мн, 6н, 3/4, Iн) dental arches were taken, normalized to the sum of the mesiodistal dimensions of the four upper incisors (Σ4в=31 mm).

Results. Oppositely directed vectors of dental arch displacement in the two anomalies were established. In distal occlusion, a significant (p <0.001) mesial displacement of the upper arch (LP-Mв +3.5 mm) and distal displacement of the lower arch (LP-Mн -4.9 mm) were revealed. In mesial occlusion, the opposite pattern was recorded: distal position of the upper arch (LP-Mв -3.1 mm) and mesial position of the lower arch (LP-Mн +8.7 mm). The most pronounced changes in both groups were noted in the anterior segment (parameters LP-Iв, LP-Iн). Refining the age range (18-40 years) minimized the influence of growth factors on parameter variability.

Conclusions. The proposed method using the LP coordinate point is highly informative for the differential diagnosis and pathogenetic analysis of distal and mesial occlusion, revealing characteristic and opposite patterns of spatial relationships. Restricting the study to the 18-40 age group ensures data comparability by assessing a fully developed dentofacial system, which is an important condition for standardizing diagnostic criteria in orthodontics.

Aim: to improve the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment for patients with vertical malocclusion.

Material and methods. The study included 37 patients with malocclusion (24 women and 13 men) aged 19 to 39 years. Inclusion in the study was determined by malocclusion in the anterior incisor region, incisor-canine region, and incisor-canine and premolar regions. In the posterior regions, the presence of bilateral or unilateral malocclusion (right or left) was assessed. Persin’s classification was used. Clinical, anthropometric, and radiographic examinations, as well as occlusionography, were used.

Results. Reliable results were obtained, confirming improved malocclusion after comprehensive treatment. Treatment effectiveness was confirmed by comparing interalveolar heights before and after comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment with a diagnosis of malocclusion received comprehensive treatment using removable and fixed orthodontic appliances. A new orthodontic mouth guard was used, which corrected the malocclusion and achieved optimal dental occlusion.

Conclusion. The proposed method for treating patients with malocclusion using a proprietary orthodontic appliance will help achieve stable, positive results.

Aim: to conduct a comparative situational analysis of dental health among the child population of Chapaevsk before and after the implementation of the state environmental rehabilitation program.

Material and methods. In September–December 2022, an epidemiological survey was conducted according to the WHO methodology (2013) among 1136 children in key age groups: 5–6, 7, 12, 15, and 18 years. The mean caries intensity indices were calculated using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT/dmft) index for teeth and surfaces and its components, as well as the prevalence of periodontal diseases, oral mucosal diseases, and non-carious lesions of teeth.

Results. Since 1995, there has been a decrease in the total population of the city by 21% and in the child population by 35%. The number of students in children’s educational organizations and schools decreased by 16%. However, the intensity of caries increased: in 7-year-olds by 50.5% (from 0.43 to 0.87), in 12-year-olds by 21.9% (from 2.1 to 2.69), and in 15-year-olds by 34.7% (from 2.7 to 4.14). The proportion of teeth restored due to caries in children aged 12 and 15 years is only 16% and 15%, respectively. In 2022, the total number of dental visits was 8472, including primary visits, which accounted for 35% of the total child population. The prevalence of oral mucosal diseases decreased from 27.9% to 5%, non-carious lesions from 79.5% to 37%, and dentofacial anomalies from 83.8% to 74%, which is likely due to the improvement of the environmental situation.

Conclusions. Shortcomings in the organization of dental care, low awareness of prevention, insufficient implementation of preventive programs, and interaction between the dental service and primary health care are noted. The development and implementation of a comprehensive program for the prevention of major dental diseases is necessary.

Aim: to analyze clinical symptoms and changes in mandibular movements in individuals with temporomandibular joint dysfunction and to evaluate the effectiveness of follow-up care after treatment.

Material and methods. The study included 60 individuals diagnosed with temporomandibular joint dysfunction, divided into two groups. Patients in the first group underwent follow-up care after treatment at 3, 6, and 12 months, while those in the second group returned for examination 12 months after treatment. The control group consisted of 30 individuals. The clinical study was conducted using the methodology proposed by us. Jaw movement tracking was also performed, recording parameters for all individuals who participated in the study.

Results. All patients showed significant changes after treatment, but the first follow-up group demonstrated better results 12 months after treatment. No significant correlation between the Gothic angle values and the severity of clinical manifestations was found.

Conclusion. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is associated with a wide range of symptoms, and the introduction of post-treatment follow-up monitoring of patients leads to stable results and early symptom resolution.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer with a semi-crystalline structure, belonging to the polyaryletherketone (PAEK) family. Due to its unique combination of physico-chemical and biological characteristics, this material is increasingly recognized as an alternative to traditional dental materials.

This review focuses on the analysis of PEEK properties, modern methods of its modification, and the assessment of its clinical efficacy in implantology, prosthodontic dentistry, and orthodontics. Special attention is given to the material’s biocompatibility, its aesthetic potential, mechanical properties close to those of bone tissue, and its ability to integrate into biological systems.

The key approaches to modifying the PEEK surface to enhance its osteogenic properties and adhesive potential are discussed. It is concluded that PEEK is a highly promising material for aesthetic restorations, and future research should focus on optimizing its bioactivity and clinical efficacy.

Antiseptic treatment of root canals is a critical stage in endodontic therapy, determining its success and long-term prognosis. The quality of this stage directly affects the degree of microbial contamination of the root canal system and, consequently, the likelihood of developing inflammatory complications in the future. Due to the wide range of existing techniques, the continuous emergence of new technologies, and the lack of a unified treatment standard, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various approaches remains a relevant objective for defining optimal clinical protocols. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of different approaches to root canal antisepsis based on an analysis of current scientific literature. Traditional methods of chemical irrigation using antiseptic solutions from various groups (including chlorine-containing agents, oxidizers, nitrofuran compounds, and proteolytic enzymes) were examined in detail. In addition, modern physical methods, such as laser technologies and red light photodynamic therapy, were analyzed. Based on comparative analysis, the most effective antiseptic techniques were identified. It was established that maximum irrigation efficacy is achieved through the combined use of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA solutions, which provide both pronounced antimicrobial action and complete removal of the smear layer with exposure of dentinal tubules. A significant further increase in antiseptic potential is observed with ultrasonic activation of the washing fluid, which facilitates the penetration of solutions into hard-to-reach areas of the root canal system. It was found that in cases of long-term chronic inflammatory processes in periapical tissues with frequent exacerbations, comprehensive antiseptic treatment can be achieved through additional methods, namely, the use of laser radiation and red light photodynamic therapy.

The number of patients requiring maxillofacial reconstructive surgery is growing every year. Selecting the most advanced reconstructive technique and the most effective material is a pressing issue. Analysis of modern surgical treatment methods for patients with anomalies, defects, and deformities following trauma and oncological surgery in the maxillofacial region, alveolar bone atrophy, and metal materials allows for the selection of the optimal reconstructive option for achieving positive results with minimal risk of complications.

The review article analyzes modern research (2022–2025) on the use of metal materials and structures in reconstructive surgeries and dental implantation, and identifies indications, limitations, and implementation prospects. The review utilized electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY, CyberLeninka, and Google Scholar, as well as the Russian State Library. Articles and publications covering experimental and clinical studies on this topic were also included.

Tinnitus is a fairly common symptom in both adults and children. The interdisciplinary nature of the problem and the complexity of diagnosis determine the priority of screening methods for tinnitus assessment in daily clinical practice. Questionnaires described in national and international guidelines aim not only to clarify tinnitus characteristics but also to assess the severity of tinnitus-related problems.

This review article analyzes current validated instruments used for self-assessment of subjective tinnitus. Publications presented in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus over the past 30 years were reviewed. Approaches to screening for subjective tinnitus can be divided into two groups: instruments designed to clarify the severity of tinnitus and questionnaires aimed at identifying impairments in various areas of life in patients with tinnitus. Most publications, including Russian and international recommendations, describe the use of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire for self-assessment of the level of psycho-emotional disorders associated with tinnitus.