Интенсификация вакуумной сублимационной сушки матриксов на основе альгинат-хитозана на различных этапах процесса

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В работе проводится интенсификация вакуумной сублимационной сушки биополимерных матриксов альгинат-хитозана на каждой стадии ведения процесса: от предварительной заморозки до непосредственно самой сушки. В основной части статьи представлены и описаны конструкции установок для проведения процесса замораживания с ультразвуковым воздействием и сушки с инфракрасным и ультразвуковым воздействием. Проведена серия экспериментов по исследованию кинетики замораживания и сушки при различных режимах. Выявлено, что применение ультразвука на этапе заморозки позволяет формировать материалы с широкими направленными каналами в объеме полимерного каркаса, что впоследствии приводит к активному массопереносу влаги на этапе сушки.

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Sobre autores

E. Мохова

Российский химико-технологический университет имени Д.И. Менделеева

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: lizi5263@yandex.ru
Rússia, Москва

М. Гордиенко

Российский химико-технологический университет имени Д.И. Менделеева

Email: lizi5263@yandex.ru
Rússia, Москва

Н. Меньшутина

Российский химико-технологический университет имени Д.И. Менделеева

Email: lizi5263@yandex.ru
Rússia, Москва

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2. Fig. 1. Study of freezing of sucrose solution using ultrasound: formation of cavitation flow (a); growth of dendritic ice crystals (b); fragmentation of crystals under the influence of ultrasound (c).

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3. Fig. 2. Classification of ultrasonic waves depending on frequency and power.

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4. Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of the design for ultrasonic freezing (a): 1 – Petri dish, 2 – stand, 3 – piezoelectric element, 4 – thermocouple, 5 – freezer, 6 – ultrasound generator, 7 – power source, 8 – temperature recorder, 9 – RS-485 interface, 10 – PC; ultrasonic processing mode (b).

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5. Fig. 4. Installation diagram (a): 1 – working chamber, 2 – condenser, 3, 4 – valves, 5 – compressor, 6 – air-cooled condenser, 7 – collector, 8 – filter-dryer, 9 – housing, 10 – vacuum pump, 12 – IR source, 13 – ultrasound source, 14 – temperature sensor, 15 – moisture content sensor, 16 – installation cover, 17 – step-down transformer, 19 – switching relay, 20 – control unit, 21 – personal computer; installation appearance (b).

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6. Fig. 5. Kinetics of freezing of alginate-chitosan samples: Alg-Chit sample (a), comparison of Alg-Chit and Alg-Chit-UZ samples (b).

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7. Fig. 6. Kinetics of vacuum sublimation drying of alginate-chitosan samples: temperature (a), moisture content (b).

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8. Fig. 7. Morphology of the surface of alginate-chitosan-based matrices: chaotic distribution of pores in the volume of the polymer framework (a), formation of microchannels in the polymer framework treated with ultrasound at the freezing stage (b).

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