Vol 18, No 3-4 (2018)

The article analyzes the discourse as one of the fundamental methods of modern philosophy that involves analysis and understanding of a certain semantic field, sociocultural background and speech connotation of the communicative space. Discursive reality, as the reality of opinions and knowledge about the world, is formed under the influence of a particular discourse and is perceived as an a priori reality of meanings. Sociocultural space is a discursive reality of a special kind, a multi-level environment in which the objects, the things of the surrounding world are reflected. The concepts of discourse (of one domain area) perform the following functions: fix our knowledge about the facts of reality and order the available data, thus building a holistic view of the subject of research. Discourse makes the connection between things (real or idealized objects) the basis of any science, and affirms derivation of concepts from the experience. The philosophy of discourse is not aimed at creation of new models of the world and their study, but at the analysis of the process of extraordinary thinking, which is characteristic of the use of sign language systems in the process of world exploration.

The article deals with the background of spirit issue in Schelling's philosophy of nature. It reveals close connection between spirit (mind) concept and theoretical aspect of natural science, and shows the way in which question of spirit could be treated as internal question of natural philosophy. Informative aspect of spirit issue in Schelling's philosophy exposes the key role of scientific worldview in philosophical cognition.

The article presents an attempt of a methodological analysis and ways of solving the integrity of system objects in the light of the development of natural science. The author tries to reveal the basic philosophical ideas of modern natural science. For several decades, they have been trying to find new, deeper and more general concepts, which in the nearest future might allow us to unite into a single theoretical whole such diverse scientific disciplines as physics and biology. It is similar to the latest big step of physical science: quantum theory has established the deepest theoretical synthesis of physics and chemistry - the scientific disciplines that were considered different for many centuries.

The problem of legal nihilism is of great interest to many modern Russian scientists. Topicality of the problem of legal nihilism is evident, taking into account the exceptional significance of implementation of all the opportunities of law as the major regulation of social relations. In identifying the grounds of legal nihilism, it is necessary to consider the irreducibility of one legal culture to another due to the fundamental differences in the historical experience and value orientations of each legal culture. The article shows that when the norms and elements of legal culture that embody the values of one civilization are uncritically borrowed by the society, the values of which are different, it results in a fundamental gap in the legal consciousness, which is a significant basis of nihilistic sentiments.

The article presents the results of the study of the artistic image of the athlete in the Russian cinema of the XX-XXI centuries. According to the author, it is possible to distinguish “epoch-making images” of the heroes of athletes in different historical periods. The analysis of images of athletes leads to conclusion that despite the revealed distinctive features of these images, all of them were glorified and were used to internalize certain values, which in turn testifies to educational and value-forming functions of the domestic sport films focused on transmitting of socially approved patterns of behavior.

The aim of the article is to analyze the ideology of neo-eurasianism as a response of post-Soviet Russia to modern challenges in the social practice. The difference between neo-eurasianism and soviet and liberal responses is demonstrated. Common features and distinctions of philosophic and political neo-eurasiansm are presented. The author observes dependence of neo-eurasianism on the Russian history, globalization and hegemony of the USA.

The author draws on many years of experience of communication with scientific schools of cultural studies, sociology and philosophy of science, which have grown rapidly in different regions of Russia and are still working successfully. The conference in Moscow in March-April 2018, which was dedicated to the memory of a prominent sociologist Professor G.G. Dadamyan, demonstrated the proximity of his methodology to the dispositional models of the outstanding Russian sociologist Professor V.A. Yadov, Chelyabinsk scientific school of Professor V.S. Zuckerman, as well as research on the philosophy of science of a prominent foreign scientist T. Kuhn. Each of the mentioned scientific schools puts forward research models that combine several dispositional layers: scientific, socio-cultural and strategic.

The article considers the principle of antinomystic monodualism of S.L. Frank, its criticism from his contemporaries and his successors, and the possibility of its application in anthropological philosophy. In particular, Frank's philosophy has obvious neoplatonic roots, though it developed in the spirit of Russian traditional religious philosophy. The term “monodualism” appeared specifically in Russian philosophy, as opposed to the ontognoseological preconditions, which can be found in the philosophy of Nicolaus Cusanus and German classical philosophy (although the influence of the latter was rather indirect, since the author seldom refers to it). Taking into account the criticism of Frank's philosophical schemes and agreeing with it to a certain extent, we conclude that the principle of monodualism is valid and efficient in terms of religious philosophy. It is a creatively different option of reconciliation of rationalistic philosophy and mysticism, which unlocks new perspectives for further research in this direction.