Vol 18, No 7-8 (2018)

The article is devoted to the consideration of the concept of «identifying state» in ontognoseology and shows the necessity of its dialectical interpretation. The main focus of the research is on the implications of the teachings of the Soviet philosopher M.A. Lifshits, revealing the differences in the patterns of possible perception of his theoretical heritage. The problem of the identifying state is considered as the central methodological structure of ontognoseology. The significance of skeptical isosthenia in the construction of the conceptual structure of the concept of an identifying state is shown.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the origin and the development of the idea of value orientations in historical retrospect. The author gives assessment of various historical stages characterizing the process of evolution of value orientations, including representatives of the main philosophical and axiological schools of Antiquity, Ancient East, the period of Modern times, Western European axiology and the Middle Ages. The article demonstrates the role of the representatives of Baden school of neo-Kantianism and Russian religious philosophy in the development of the value field. The axiological views of representatives of Western philosophy of the first half of the 19th century, as well as supporters of psychological and sociological schools are reflected. It is shown that value orientations of the individual characterize his/her life claims and preferences. It is proved that the generalization of this historical experience contributes to the understanding of the value of the individual consciousness, through which a person establishes his/her value relations with the world and comprehends the value properties of life.

The article analyzes J. Agamben’s idea that profanation is a practice of deactivating the political theology. The following questions are discussed: how the act of profanation works in the culture, what functions it performs, if these functions could be changed in the current situation, and how effective the act of profanation is. It is hypothesized that the act of profanation is less homogeneous than Agamben shows. It can be played out in three different scenarios producing different effects that rather support sacral orders than deactivate them.

Механизмы возникновения и развития революционного процесса - одна из самых обсуждаемых тем в научном и журналистском сообществе. Исследователи рассматривают объективные и субъективные стороны этого явления, анализируют ситуацию в стране до революционных событий, в ходе и по окончании их. Обсуждаются основные векторы действий правительства и оппозиционных сил в борьбе за власть, факторы, приближающие революцию и отдаляющие её. За последние 20 лет на земном шаре произошло не менее 20 революций, итогом которых стала смена действующих правительств, в некоторых случаях сопровождающаяся гражданской войной. В статье рассмотрены основные механизмы и предпосылки социальных взрывов, способных вызвать быстрые коренные перемены в государстве.

The aim of this article is to analyze the socio-philosophical characteristics of the Eurasian society, which is being built in Russia as the result of the transformation of the soviet society into the socio-capitalist one. Having taken the A. Toynbee’s paradigm of Challenges and Responses, works of N.A. Danilevsky, A.S. Panarin, M.G. Delyagin and the program statements of the Russian president as a basis for research, the common features of the Eurasian society and its influence on the formation of the Russian Eurasian agency were introduced. These features include the Eurasian area, history, statehood, demosociality, identity, socialism and capitalism convergence, the middle tempo of progress etc. Examining the Eurasian society features in detail, the description of such elements of the Eurasian civilization as people, state, economy and well-being is given. The idea of eurasianism is presented as a possible way of the Russian modern society development that might be an adequate Response to contemporary Challenges.

The place and role of medical university in the structure of cultural and educational urban space in the 1930s are considered in the article on the example of Samara (Kuibyshev) State Medical Institute and Kuibyshev Military Medical Academy. The authors draw attention to the processes of transformation that took place under the influence of new socio-political trends caused by the Soviet modernization of this period. The features of the Soviet model of urbanization and its impact on the development of cultural and educational environment and health care system are highlighted.

In this article, a cultural practice is considered as a border between the culture and the lack of culture. The culture as a universal experience of being appears like a bridge through the abyss of the “human, all too human” (Nietzsche), randomness, irrationality, mortality (finitude) to the order, loftiness, consciousness and the ontological fullness. In this case, the cultural practices perform the function of the “rod posts” for this bridge over the abyss. The author substantiates a thesis that the phenomenon of asceticism as a practice of overcoming and “self-gathering” is nonconfessional, it is above religion, and the ascetical experience of self-limitation forms the vector of the way from the lack of culture to the culture of identity, integrity, indivisibility and the unity with all existence.