Vol 20, No 7-8 (2020)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of historical discourse in modern writing of history and its relationship with the problem of historical time. The author shows that since the second half of the 20th century, the representation of the past has been gradually shifting from scientific historiography, as it was formed in the 19th century, to the memory studies. Unlike distancing from the past inherent in historical science, historical memory is characterized by emotional and existential tension, the involvement of the past in the present. This became possible not only as a result of the tragic events of the 20th century, but also due to changes in the temporal regime of modern society. The linear perception of time, peculiar to a modern man, is giving way to “post-historical” time characterized by non-linearity and reversibility, which makes it possible to actualize the past with the help of memorial policy. A change in the historical time perception gives rise to changes in the perception of the past and, as a result, leads to a transformation of historical discourse.

The works of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari are known to be the most popular ones in Europe and Russia among the works of post-structuralist philosophers of the second half of the XX century. In a project called nomadology, Deleuze and Guattari attempted to update questions about the relationship between philosophy and science, philosophy and religion, philosophy and politics, politics and war. The article analyzes the ways of setting and solving these issues. The methodological basis of the analysis serves the principles developed by Ludwig Wittgenstein in the framework of the philosophy of everyday language.

The relevance of the research topic is related to the most important religious and philosophical concepts of the late 19th — early 20th centuries, in which the mission of technology was defined as a special way of returning to the integrity of being.

The purpose of the article is to consider the ideas of N.F. Fedorov, P.A. Florensky, F. Dessauer on the role of technology in the embodiment of the divine purpose and the transformation of the world.

Comparative approach was used in the study as the main methodological approach. It contributed not only to the disclosure of the features of the authors’ ideas, but also made it possible to draw a conclusion about the general trends in determining the ontological status of technology in the religious and philosophical works of the period under consideration.

In the conclusion of the article, it is noted that the purpose of technology in the concepts of N.F. Fedorov, P.A. Florensky, F. Dessauer is associated with its ability to overcome decay and restore unity: man with God, divine with natural, natural with social, etc. — through culture, understood as human activity, sanctified by the Creator’s purpose.

The article analyzes the relationship between the conceptual field of metaphor and the primordial cultural modalities in the context of the problem of transcendent instances. Metaphor, mimesis, and poetry as three types of modeling the reality of culture can be correlated in the plane of language representation of the world. The dance of language is the top species of mimetic evolution, whereas metaphor is the key to understanding the mechanism of mimesis in art and culture (I.-G. Herder, F. Nietzsche). The discourse of the primordial cultural modalities in language is clothed in certain images, in certain mimetic forms, in the dance of language. Metaphor is the key to understanding the primordial cultural modalities. It is in the dance of language which a person finds wholeness of being.