Vol 16, No 3-4 (2016)

This article analyzes the specifics and differences of values and cultural bases of noncomformist behavior in the society of “early” and “late” postmodernity. Nonconformism is considered in the context of counter-culture phenomenon and its evolution since the beginning to the present days.

The article considers the question of responsibility of a researcher for the subsequences of scientific and technical progress. Reference to the philosophical understanding of this problem undertaken by famous German scientist of the XX century Werner Heisenberg seems to be fruitful. Ideas about answering the question of responsibility for the elaboration and the use of nuclear weapon in the middle of the XX century are extrapolated on the contemporary situation within the context of clarifying of scientists’ role in political decision-making. As the result of complex analysis of the contemporary situation, in which the questions of security come to the fore, it is substantiated that holistic and multidimensional approach to collaboration of scientists, teachers, social organizations and political actors may direct scientific and technical progress to the better.

The article is devoted to the French philosopher of the twentieth century Paul Ricoeur and his basic approaches to interpretation. This work covers different reflections on the problems of interpretation and the ways of understanding its linguistic, semantic, phenomenological, structuralistic, existential branches.

The article explores the problem of interpenetration and mutual influence of philosophical and political elements in the social critical theory, as well her specific relation to the political sphere.

The article provides the analysis of the conception of development of science by T. Kuhn and its critical analysis, as well as the interpretation of the processes of dynamics and accumulation of scientific knowledge; it also shows the role of scientific revolutions in the historical development of science. The subject of the study also includes the principles of continuity and correspondence, which are a necessary condition for the development of scientific theories.

The article is devoted to philosophical understanding of the origin of folk traditions from the position of social and cultural phenomena and identification of individuals with society. Ethno-cultural background of social interaction between the individual and society are considered. The role of national traditions in the spiritual development of the individual is emphasized.

The article discusses the factor of doubt. As a result of comparison of the data about a skeptic and a “thinking man”, it is concluded that they are different subjects of the study.

This article analyzes the calendar rites of the Slavs, and Maslenitsa in particular. We study the points of contact between folk and Christian tradition in this holiday, as the majority of modern scholars do not consider the aspect of their commonality. Comparison of different European traditions, the analysis of semantics and symbolism of the rites suggest that Maslenitsa is a special holiday, in which you can trace the features and elements of folk and Christian traditions.

The article problematizes the relationship between the new media and the publicity, and also discusses the expectations associated with the transformation of the public sphere under the influence of the interactive network media. These expectations are controversial: there are predictions of a new flourishing of civil society, as well as the complete degradation of the public sphere.

This article is devoted to the problematics of thing’s being in mythological model of the world of the Indo-Iranian culture of the prototown Arkaim. The problem is considered through a prism of dialectics of myth by A.F. Losev, treating energinity as a phenomenon of existence of deep meanings of life in symbols and names, where a thing first becomes a symbol, and then an idea, which turns into a myth. This problematics is considered within philosophical researches of V.N. Toporov in the field of phenomenology, semiotics and comparativeness. It allowed building of communicative сonnections within the Arkaim's culture on the example of the real world, drawing parallels between Arkaim's artifacts and Aryan's Rigveda. The real world is considered within A.B. Nevelev's conception of regularity of the inverse relation between the substantive and energetic parts of a person's life (the less is object definiteness of a person's life, the more is its energetic saturation). Thus, the interrelation of world outlook and the real world of Arkaim's culture, where a «thing» is a unity of the ideal and spiritual, symbolical and material contents, are discovered.

The article is devoted to understanding the status of contemporary philosophical studies and works in the field of philosophy of science, or rather, the problems of their relations. We investigate the ontological, epistemological and axiological contexts of relations between philosophy and philosophy of science.

The axioms of science and religion. The role of scientific terminology in creating the illusion of justification of religion by science and philosophy. The two religious axioms - two religions: “sensual” (faith) and “spiritual” (mystical experience). The desire to create a “spiritual” religion, religious philosophy, and the inability to create them - the cause of the crisis of religion among the intelligentsia. The emptiness of religious “experience” - the emptiness of religious “concepts”: God, Revelation, Spirit. Subjectivism, agnosticism and solipsism of perceptible religious “experience”. Illusiveness, mysticism of spiritual religious “experience”. Internal contradiction of the concept “religious philosophy”. The revival of “sensual” religion” and existence of “spiritual” religion are objects of religious faith.

The article presents a study of such conceptual foundations of ethnophilosophy as language, folklore and outlook, which are aimed at the defining of mechanisms of formation of ethnophilosophy for justification of its objectivity. The author emphasizes the importance of ethnophilosophical aspect for the history of formation of science. In this study, the author also analyzes ideological bases of ethnophilosophy, interrelations between the folklore and the outlook. The author concludes that the problem of language, folklore and outlook is essential for self-determination of ethnophilosophy as a science. As a result of the study of the ethnophilosophical aspect of language, folklore and outlook, the ethnophilosophical knowledge is formed. Communicative function, which is characteristic of folklore as a language sign, leads to the dialectic antinomy towards the autonomous language sign. Duality of communicative and autonomous functions in the folklore is revealed in the process of formation of ethnic philosophy, connected with different levels of the outlook according to the epoch.

The paper argues that the problem of the beginning of history is relevant and that systematic approach to historical process is necessary to solve it. Systemic interpretation of the problem of the beginning of history lies in the recognition of specific eligibility of different versions of the starting point. It is stated that the beginning is considered here as a nodal point, as the turning point in the transformation of one system to another. “Quality” is important: break of the cyclic repetition, “discovery” of perspective, towards which lies the trajectory of history. The problem of the beginning of history reveals itself through the fixation of phenomena, then transforming into the extensive infrastructure of history process, hidden in its depths. It is alleged that a specific system, which forms a bridge between the late savagery and history itself, can be characterized as a Megamachine.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the ethnicity in the context of the modern society. Special attention we pay to such features as globalization, with its tendency to uniformity and at the same time with its interest in the local, exotic and ethnic. Also we consider modern society as a society of consumerism, where there are market relations and ethnic entepreneurs begin to use the ethnicity for profit, for example, in ethnic restaurants. One more feature of the modernity is virtualization of reality and spread of information technologies. In global space of the Internet, the ethnic processes do not disappear, but occupy their niche and go to the new level.

The article investigates the life space of the individual, emphasizes the dichotomy of «human life as a value» and «value of human life», discusses the influence of values on the structure of the behavioral space in the post-industrial society, analyzes the ways and results of living space informatization. The concept of “risk society” acts as a methodological construct of the research program, and the characteristics of the individual alienation in riskogenic reality are analyzed.

The article discusses the concept of the ideal as a form of project-oriented consciousness. The ideal is realized by a project developer as an image of desired future and serves as a guide and motivating force for project activities, especially value ideals, because they are the driving force of the project activity, and project-oriented consciousness deals with them.