Vol 23, No 1 (2023)

Aim – to study the microbiome of the placenta in full-term pregnancy with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) in comparison with the intact membranes.

Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of Samara City Clinical Hospital N 1 named after N.I. Pirogov and involved 43 pregnant women at 37-41 weeks of gestation subject to elective cesarean section. The patients were divided in two groups: the main group included 24 women with PROM, the control group was formed with 19 women with intact fetal membranes. The placental tissues were taken for the real-time PCR-test for the following microorganisms: Lactobacillus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Gardnerella vaginalis / Prevotella bivia / Porphyromonas spp., Eubacterium spp., Sneathia spp. / Leptotrihia spp. / Fusobacterium spp., Megasphaera spp. / Veillonella spp. / Dialister spp., Lachnobacterium spp. / Clostridium spp., Mobiluncus spp. / Corynebacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Atopobium vaginae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma (urealyticum + parvum), Candida spp., Mycoplasma genitalium.

Results. At the end of physiological full-term pregnancy, the bacterial population was detected in 66.7% of placentas in the main group, total bacterial count – Ме 10^3,2 Q1:Q3 0,0 – 10^3,4 GE/sample; and in 78.9% of the placentas in the control group, total bacterial count – Ме 10^3,3 Q1:Q3 10^3,1 – 10^3,5 GE/sample. The main representatives of the identified microorganisms were Enterobacteriaceae spp. (Me 10^3,2 GE/sample for PROM and Me 10^3,2 GE/sample for intact amniotic sac (p>0.05)). Lactobacillus spp. were determined in the placenta only in the PROM group in 8.3% of patients. The presence of Lactobacillus spp. in the tissues of the placenta is typical only for patients with PROM. Microorganisms not identified by the Femoflor-16 test were found in 50% of patients with PROM, Me 10^2,1 GE/sample, and in 63.2% of patients with an intact fetal bladder, Me 10^3,2 GE/sample, (p = 0.09). No correlation was found between PROM incidents and the characteristics of the placental microbiota.

Conclusion. In case of physiologically proceeding full-term pregnancy, it is possible to detect using the real-time PCM test a bacterial population represented by the Enterobacteriaceae spp., while in cases of PROM, Lactobacillus spp. and anaerobic vaginal flora were also detected in placental samples.

Aim – to study the catamnesis of patients with ixodid tick-borne borreliosis in the period of convalescence who presented the signs of asthenic syndrome.

Material and methods. The study was based on the data of prospective dispensary observation of 37 in-patients diagnosed with "ixodid tick-borne borreliosis, erythemic form, moderate severity, acute course" who received treatment at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of the SamSMU in 2016-2019. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their age: the first age-group from 18 to 35 years included 12 people, the second group ranged from 36 to 55 years and included 15 people, the third age-group from 56 to 75 years consisted of 10 people. The examination of patients was carried out after discharge from the hospital on the 14th day, after 3, 12 and 36 months. The MFI-20 asthenia scale (the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory) was used to analyze the asthenic syndrome in the participants.

Results. The duration of asthenia after ixodid tick-borne borreliosis may be up to 3 years. Patients require the closest observation in the first 2 weeks of the convalescence period. Indicators of physical and psychological health in convalescents return to the norm depending on their age and place of residence. Mental asthenia prevails in people living in rural areas and persists much longer than in urban residents. Older people (from 56 to 75 years) are more susceptible to general and physical asthenia.

Aim – to validate the Russian version of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (SHQ) used for clarifying the spatial hearing impairment, translated from English and adapted.

Material and methods. After cultural and linguistic adaptation, the reliability of the Russian version of SHQ was validated using the "test - retest" method in 35 people (mean age 51,2±15,6 years) in two groups: group I - people with normal hearing (17 people), group II - persons with chronic sensorineural hearing loss levels I-IV (18 people).

Results. The reliability was assessed by α-Cronbach and was equal to 0.981, the total correlation values 0.68 - 0.92. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between mean SHQ scores in the two groups.

Conclusion. Based on the results of our study, the Russian version of the SHQ can be used in practice of an otorhinolaryngologist as an additional diagnostic tool for spatial hearing disorders and during the hearing rehabilitation.

Aim – to evaluate the metric parameters of the upper dentition in patients with a stable result of orthodontic treatment of anomalies in the position of the crowns of the upper canines in the long-term follow-up period.

Material and methods. We conducted an open study on a sample of patients after orthodontic treatment using clinical and instrumental methods. We analyzed 126 clinical cases of patients aged from 18 to 44 years with completed orthodontic treatment of abnormal position of the crowns of the maxillary canines with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results. The duration of the retention period ranged from 5 to 10 years. 75 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study.

Results. The study showed that the biometric parameters of the dental arches after the end of orthodontic treatment did not always correspond to the individual norm of a patient. An increase in the transversal size of the upper dentition in the region of the premolars was determined in 44 patients (58.6%), a slight narrowing in the region of the first molars in 34 patients (45.4%), lengthening or shortening of the anterior part of the dental arch in 32 (42.7%) and 23 (30.6%) patients, respectively. With the proportionality of the mesio-distal dimensions of the incisors of the upper and lower jaws (Tonn's Index 1.34±0.03) and the relative macrodontia of the canines of the lower jaw (anterior Bolton's ratio 81.0±3.2%), the symmetrical position of the crowns of canines of the upper jaw and the value of the rotational angle of 28.0±2.1°corresponded to the functionally optimal results of orthodontic treatment.

Conclusion. Aesthetically satisfactory and functionally stable results of orthodontic treatment of patients with anomalies in the position of the crowns of the maxillary canines during the retention period correspond to the following biometric parameters of the upper dental arch and / or their combination: lengthening of the anterior region, an increase in the transversal size in the region of the first premolars and a decrease in the region of the first molars in maintaining the individual norm of intercanine width. The stability of the results of orthodontic treatment in patients with anomalies in the position of the canines and the shape and / or size of the dental arches is ensured by the maximum possible leveling of violations of the anatomical and topographic norms of the teeth position.

Aim – to determine the degree of unsaturation of some terpenoids and essential oils using peroxycarboxylic acids.

Material and methods. The following terpenoids were used in the study: linalool, myrcene, lemon oil. The epoxidation reaction was carried out using pyroxydecanoic acid. The excess acid was measured by iodometric titration.

Results. A method for determining the iodine number for essential oil was developed. Iodine numbers were calculated for some terpenoids (linalool, myrcene) and lemon oil. The reaction rate constants were calculated.

Aim – to obtain sorbents based on ethylcellulose for solid-phase extraction of benzoic acid from aqueous solutions.

Material and methods. To create the sorbents for solid-phase extraction, we used the following reagents: ethyl cellulose, copper sulfate pentahydrate, sodium hydroxide, benzoic acid, purified water, ethyl alcohol 95%. The samples of ethyl cellulose-based sorbents were studied by Fourier transform IR spectrometry on an Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spectrometer. The Agilent Microlab PC Expert software was used for registration and primary processing of IR spectra, and for statistical analysis. The capacity of sorbents for solid-phase extraction was evaluated in a dynamic mode. The microstructure of the samples was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) on a Hitachi SU8000 electron microscope. The specific surface area of the synthesized sorbents was measured by low-temperature nitrogen porometry using the Brunauer – Emmett – Teller approximation, on the Autosorb 1 device, using the Quantachrome AS1Win software, according to a well-known technique.

Results. А method was proposed for obtaining a sorbent for solid-phase extraction of benzoic acid from aqueous solutions. The IR-spectrometry did not reveal significant differences between ethylcellulose samples and the obtained sorbent samples. The optimal concentrations of ethylcellulose and benzoic acid in the reaction mixture were determined to create a sorbent with a maximum capacity of 19.2 µg/g. The differences in the morphological structure of the surface of ethylcellulose matrix and obtained sorbents were described. The specific surface area of ethylcellulose sorbent with a maximum capacity for benzoic acid was 14.10 cm²/g.

Over the past decade, some progress has been made in identifying and characterizing variants of DNA polymorphisms of genes associated with predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The analysis of gene polymorphisms in combination with socio-demographic, clinical and metabolic parameters can be considered as a promising approach to identify high-risk groups for the development of T2DM. The review includes foreign and domestic studies of predictive models for the risk of developing T2DM comprising single-nucleotide polymorphisms, published in the period from 2006 to 2021. The search for the literature sources was carried out on the PubMed platform. The predictive accuracy of polygenic risk scores was assessed by comparing the area under the curve (AUC). The most commonly used clinical predictors of T2DM risk are sex, age, BMI, family history of diabetes, presence of arterial hypertension, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio. All genetic risk models for T2DM had lower AUC values than phenotypic (clinical) risk models. The addition of genetic factors has, in turn, improved AUC compared to purely clinical risk models in many studies, which may be a useful tool for primary prevention of T2DM. However, only those polymorphisms that strongly confirm their association with the risk of developing T2DM in different populations studies should be added to predictive risk scales.

Aim – to develop and clinically substantiate an objective quantitative diagnostic criterion for the dynamics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Material and methods. A comparative cross-observational study of clinical indicators was performed in a general sample of patients with type 2 diabetes, divided into groups according to the parameter "GFR reduction index (RI_GFR)", which characterizes the dynamics of CKD and the development of cardiorenal syndrome in patients with diabetes. 150 protocols of outpatient consultations were selected using the compliance criteria, including the data on 72 clinical indices. The threshold value for dividing the groups of "slow" and "fast" progression of CKD according to the RI_GFR parameter was 4.21 ml/min/1.73 m². By the method of correlation analysis, the strength of the interrelations of clinical indicators was determined, the Student's t-test and one-factor analysis of variance were used to compare the mean values of independent variables.

Results. To quantify the dynamics of the progression of CKD in DM patients, a diagnostic parameter RI_GFR was proposed, calculated according to the original formula based on the value of GFR and the duration of the disease of DM. When assessing the statistical relationships between RI_GFR and clinical indicators, the significance of correlations with creatinine levels, duration of diabetes, insulin therapy, age, history of acute myocardial infarction, dosage of sulfonylureas, as well as the absence of correlation with indicators of achievement of glycemic control goals was noted. When dividing the sample into groups according to the rate of progression of CKD, significant differences were found in the parameters of the duration of DM disease and the use of insulin therapy, the total dose of insulin, the level of glycemia, and body mass index. Insufficient level of reliability was found in the parameters of the dosage of sulfonylureas and age.

Conclusion. The developed original diagnostic parameter RI_GFR allows us to give an objective characteristic of the dynamics of CKD in patients with DM. A statistically significant correlation was found between the rate of progression of diabetic kidney damage and cardiovascular risk factors with less influence of the glycemic control factor at the stage of formation of cardiorenal syndrome. To clarify the influence of hemodynamic and glycemic factors on the development of cardiorenal syndrome, it is necessary to continue the study using the logistic regression analysis.