Vol 22, No 3 (2022)

Aim – to analyze the factors actively influencing the professionalization process using the phenomenological approach. Such factors are globalization, the current epidemiological situation and digitalization. The phenomenological analysis revealed the characteristics of the professional space specific for the information society. These characteristics allow us to determine the trends in the process of professionalization. The main indicators that mark the changes in the profession-forming space are deprofessionalization and shift of professional values of modern individuals, being, at the same time, the main risk factors of this process.

Aim – a theoretical concretization of the essence and originality of the legal consciousness of modern Russian citizens. The following argument is the basic one: socio-philosophical analytics is immanent to historically established theories of legal understanding and legal consciousness.

The author speaks on the history of the legal foundations in Russian statehood and identifies the specifics of legal understanding. The theories of state and law of B.N. Chicherin and I.A. Ilyin, as well as the socio-philosophical (libertarian) theory of law of V.S. Nersesyants are discussed. The originality of legal consciousness is proved to have been determined by the specifics of a particular time. Thus, some legal theorizations were created by B.N. Chicherin on the eve of the abolition of serfdom, by I.A. Ilyin – on the eve and after the revolution of 1917, and by V.S. Nersesyants – at the end of the Soviet period in the history of Russia. The theorizations of law undertaken by these thinkers can also be considered as their individual legal consciousness.

Despite the ideological diversity, the theoretical constructions of B.N. Chicherin, I.A. Ilyin and V.S. Nersesyants (as well as their legal consciousness) are related by the presence of the idea of justice (equality). The basic principle of law is truth as the identity of justice (B.N. Chicherin). The legal consciousness of a person as a statement of his "own spirituality" presupposes a special equality – recognition of the "spirituality of other people" (I.A. Ilyin). The idea of equal norms and measures for all (social equality), freedom and justice are the main elements of law (V.S. Nersesyants). The idea of justice (equality) is stated as a certain theoretical inertia and included in socio-philosophical theoretical constructions (A.G. Sabirov, A.E. Makhovikov).

Today, at the next turning point in both Russian and world history, the legal consciousness of Russians is also discussed through the peculiar property of dialectical transformation inherent in it – "in accordance", "in favor" or "contrary" to reality. It is indicated that today, equality and justice as specific Russian features of individual and mass legal consciousness presuppose, among other things, a twofold observance of legal self-discipline – both by citizens themselves and by a legal state of social type.

Aim – to consider some basic aspects of the development of psychoanalysis in the methodology proposed by Imre Lakatos. We outlined the constituent elements of the "solid core" that make up a psychoanalytic metapsychology; the work of the "protective layer" is shown by examples. The development of psychoanalysis and the preservation of its heuristic power have been facilitated by the transformations and discoveries that have led to the formation of the modern form of this scientific research program. Since its emergence, psychoanalysis has become a way of studying the human being outside of medicine as well. The dissemination of the ideas of psychoanalysis in philosophy, sociology, politics, anthropology, etc., involved more and more researchers in the development of theoretical constructions, critically revising the fundamental positions and giving the program a contemporary resonance. Throughout the development of psychoanalysis as a scientific research program, the reliance on therapeutic practice has been critical.

Aim – to identify value orientations within the concept of metamodernism. The article notes that after several decades of postmodernism, society turns to metamodernism as a new attempt to grasp its position in a constantly varying present, as an attempt to respond quickly to the proposed challenges of time.

The author considers main features of metamodernism, and on their basis offers a characteristic of current value orientations, replacing the modernist attitudes: recognition of the value of "to stay between", the value priority of feeling and sensation, orientation on deep meanings, the desire to be involved in the great history. We conclude that metamodernism offers new ways of comprehending social being and, within their framework, the construction of a new hierarchy of value orientations.

Aim – to determine the typology of weapons and to substantiate the need to assess the degree of destructive impact of the affordances of artifacts used as weapons on the surrounding objects and society as a whole. The Michael Cole's theory was used as the methodological basis of the study, which has a great applicative potential and allows you to give an object a comprehensive description. An "artifact" is a material man-made object produced in the process of creative transformation and intended for a specific purpose. The term "affordance", introduced by James Gibson, is interpreted as a "potential opportunity" for a detailed analysis of all possible options for the use of an artefact, depending on the person's current intentions. The author considers the process of active cognitive activity of the subject resulting in the invention of new functions of material objects from the standpoint of epistemological realism. The existing classification of weapons, from the point of view of the process of meaning formation, does not fully reveal all the features of its creation and functions laid down at the stages of design and production. The article presents the original typology of weapons based on the analysis of the stages of the evolution of mankind, the change in scientific representation of the world and the types of scientific rationality. The strict legislative regulation of the trade, production, acquisition, carrying and use of certain types of weapons pushes people, in cases of a threat to their life and health, to use ordinary household items as means of protection. Under these conditions, there is a need to revise existing approaches and methods for examination and evaluation of artefacts created by people that allow their use as a weapon.

Aim – to identify the basic states of a person in the process of watching a movie and to determine the point when the meaning is constructed. Three states of the viewer are analyzed: "before", "now", "after". Their specific features in relation to the formation of meaning are revealed.

The author comes to the conclusion that this construction, which is significant for the viewer, refers to the "after" state, which is associated with the grasping of the problems posed in the film in the past and reflection on them. The factors influencing this process are the ordinary experience, biographical circumstances, the distance of perception. But in the modern world, in the conditions of the growing attention of the viewers to film reviews, states are being replaced, which leads to the substitution of the meanings of the real world and the loss of the possibility of their identification with the help of cinema.

Aim – is to analyze a possible image of a person of the future from the perspective of preserving his essence. The article is devoted to the analysis of a person of the future, to the philosophical problems of understanding of the essence of a person and the prediction of possible human changes. Several approaches to the consideration of the essence of man in philosophy are also briefly presented. The interpretations of the ontological boundary in the synergetic anthropology of S.S. Horujy, as well as anthropological constants in the works of L.E. Motorina are considered, the shortcomings of these interpretations are analyzed. In the second part of the article, three sections of futurology were identified as a science engaged in predicting the future based on modern achievements and rational science and existing social, economic and cultural trends. Foresight was noted as one of the main methods of futurology, as well as the complexity of the study of anthropological foresight. Some approaches to the consideration of human images in the future, proposed by experts during the study of anthropological trends under the leadership of S.A. Smirnov, are also noted.

In conclusion, the concept of anthropological practices is revealed as a possible way to protect a person in the future world of transformations.