Vol 21, No 1-2 (2021)

• AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of combined treatment with elastic bands and splints in patients with masticatory muscle parafunction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 52 people (15 men and 37 women), suffered from masticatory muscle parafunction, were examined. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and instrumental (electromyography) methods. Pain intensity was determined by using the visual-analog scale. The control group consists of 31 healthy people aged 16 to 31 years. Preliminary treatment of the patients of the main group was carried out by the use of the proposed method (combined treatment with elastic bands and splints).

RESULTS: It was found that the proposed method provides reliable (Z1-3 = –6.40, p1-3 = 0.01) reducing of pain intensity in masticatory muscles by the end of second week of therapy (from 8.17 ± 0.6 to 4.54 ± 0.5 points by the visual-analog scale). It was confirmed by reliable decrease of the bioelectric activity of masticatory muscles. The data for right masseter muscle was 5.7 ± 0.14 mkV (Z = –6.30, p = 0.015) and for the left one was 5.8 ± 0.21 mkV (Z = –6.29, p = 0.01); for right temporal muscle it was 4.1 ± 0.19 mkV (Z = –6.39, p = 0.01) and for left one it was 4.3 ± 0.18 mkV (Z = –6.28, p = 0.015).

CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method allows to achieve reliable decrease of the pain intensity in patients with masticatory muscle parafunction.

• The incidence of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity in patients with hereditary coagulopathy — hemophilia, as well as domestic and foreign experience of professional hygiene in persons with this pathology were analyzed. It has been shown that it is more preferable to use the GBT protocol for professional oral hygiene in patients with hemophilia.

• Nowadays, an increasing number of dentists support non-invasive methods of treatment of dental discoloration, one of which is the in-office teeth whitening procedure. When treating teeth discoloration and taking into account the aesthetic wishes of the patient, correction of the hygienic state of the oral cavity is important. The study involved 123 people aged 18 to 35 years with sanitized oral cavity and no somatic pathologies. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the type of the used whitening system. To assess the hygienic state of the oral cavity, the OHI-S index (Green–Vermillion) was used. The presence of the inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues and its intensity was checked using the gingival sulcus bleeding SBI index (Muhleman–Son). The indices were assessed 2 weeks before the office teeth whitening procedure, immediately before it, and 2 weeks, 6 and 12 months after the procedure. Teeth in-office whitening has a positive effect on oral hygiene. Good oral hygiene is noted both in the immediate and long-term follow-up, which is due to the high level of patient motivation. The study of the dynamics of the gingival bleeding index indicates the absence of the adverse effect of in-office teeth whitening on the condition of the periodontal soft tissues.

• Modern digital technologies and their software open up new possibilities in dentistry. For example, the use of computed tomography is becoming more and more affordable. Almost every dental tomograph has the necessary software for 3D planning of dental procedures. Dental implantation has developed significantly in our country. The available surgical equipment make it possible to put dental implants even with the deficit of bone tissue. The purpose of this article was to summarize various methods to plan the placing the dental implant and to manufacture surgical templates. Dentistry has always been closely associated with other areas of science and industry, it tends to use a large number of modern innovations and developments. In this article, we have collected materials to demonstrate how the treatment process is changing in response to the integration of computer diagnostics and manufacturing (CAD / CAM) technologies. Consequently, we have more efficient and less traumatic dental implant planning systems based on the accurate data and computer calculations that minimize technological and human negative factors.

• Indices of the registration and evaluation of the severity of caries are useful tools in the estimation of both dental health among the population and the preventive dental programs advanced to the dentistry. The decay-missing-filled (DMF) index proposed by WHO in 1938 assumes the presence / absence of cavitated carious lesions of dentin, fillings and teeth extracted because of caries and its complications. A significant limitation of this indicator is the neglect of non-cavitated forms of caries, which make up 90 % of the pool of dental carious lesions. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of non-cavitated and manifest forms of caries in preschool children in Samara. An epidemiological examination of the dental health of 4-8 years old children attending preschool and school educational institutions in Samara was performed. Totally 460 children were examined, of which 53 children (21 boys) were examined at the age of 4, 78 children (37 boys) at the age of 5, 178 (97 boys) at 6 years old, 78 (43 boys) at 7 years old, 73 (33 boys) at the age of 8 years. Two indices were used to assess the hard tissue damage caused by caries: the index of DMF of teeth and surfaces and the index of D0DMF of teeth and surfaces, the latter was proposed by the author. Our epidemiological study showed that the prevalence of dental caries in preschool children in Samara was 52.83%, 65.38%, 82.02%, 87.18%, 79.45% among 4, 5-, 6 -, 7- and 8-year-old children respectively. The prevalence of caries, taking into account non-cavitated forms, was 84.61%, 88.46%, 91.57%, 97.44% and 90.41% among 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 year old children respectively. By the age of 8, 67.12% of children in Samara have permanent teeth with signs of developing caries (types without cavities). It suggests the necessity to start comprehensive programs for the prevention of caries in organized groups of children.

• The development of the model of endoparodontal lesion in vitro is necessary due to the lack of the method for creating a biofilm of endodonto- and periodontopathogenic bacteria in vitro with the reconstruction of communication ways between the endodontium and the periodontium. We have proposed the method, the technical result of which is the maximal reconstruction of a multi-species mixed bacterial biofilm in tooth tissues in the environment similar to in vivo conditions, with the possibility of processing root canals and periodontal pockets in vitro. The proposed model is effective for the cultivation of obligate-anaerobic and facultative-anaerobic cultures.

• While analyzing statistical studies, a certain tendency in the increase of incidence of canine and premolar retention was revealed. The multifactorial nature of the development of this anomaly requires special attention. Dentists should be meticulous about the revealing of risk factors which can result in difficult teething, and about the resolving of the existing retention. The literature review presents modern methods and principles of treatment of canine and premolar retention. The first part of the literature review describes the etiopathogenetic factors that contribute to the development of retention, and the principles of treatment, depending on the severity of the clinical situation. In the second part of the review, a combined method of treatment of canine and premolar retention is described, the phasing of the performed measures and the predicted results are taken into account.

• Nowadays the process of bone cutting and drilling is one of the important problems in maxillofacial surgery. Devices with a low power electric motor and an uncontrolled rotation speed of the work tool, as well as expensive devices such as Piezon-Master 400 are used to make holes during osteosynthesis, implantation and bone cutting in maxillofacial surgery. We have developed a special turbine pneumatic dental drill, which, can be an alternative to standard air turbine devices used in clinical practice when working on facial bones.

• BACKGROUND: To identify the most significant predictors of premature rupture of membranes in full-term pregnancy with the use of RT-PCR analysis of cervical canal smear.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: On the basis of City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N.I. Pirogov (Samara), a cervical smear was examined by RT-PCR using a standard panel “Femoflor-16”. The study involved 47 pregnant women at 37-41 weeks of gestation: the control group consists of 19 pregnant women without premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), and 28 pregnant women with PROM, were included in the main group. The most significant risk factors of PROM were revealed with the use of the Classification Trees.

RESULTS: The following risk factors of PROM were identified: the number of Lactobacillus spp. less than 99.3% (sensitivity 75%, specificity 68%); total anaerobic microflora above 0.55% (sensitivity 71%, specificity 68%), Gardnerella vaginalis / Prevotella bivia / Porphyromonas spp. more than 0.08% (sensitivity 64.3%, specificity 73.7%) and Megasphaera spp. / Veilonella spp. / Dialister spp. more than 0.06% (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 52.6%). If at least one of the above criteria was identified, the patient was attributed to the high risk group for PROM; when all four indicators of the distribution of microorganisms are taken into account, the sensitivity of the method was 85.5%, specificity was 68.4%, the predictive value of positive and negative diagnostic results (models accuracy) were 78.7%.

CONCLUSIONS: The most prognostically significant risk factors for the development of PROM in the study of the cervical microbiota are the number of Lactobacillus spp. less than 99.3%; Gardnerella vaginalis / Prevotella bivia / Porphyromonas spp. more than 0.08%; Megasphaera spp. / Veilonella spp. / Dialister spp. more than 0.06%.

• Pharmacotherapy of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema can be subdivided into groups according to the class of drugs, the most important of which are vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors and corticosteroids. Intravitreal administration of these drugs is more preferable. The systemic use of angiotensin and fibrate receptor blockers is of least importance. The use of eye drops of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs does not have convincing evidence of the efficacy in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. The article presents the results of the main studies on the development of algorithms for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.

• AIM: To determine the group of patients with trigeminal neuralgia for whom the balloon microcompression is the optimal treatment modality. To evaluate the effectiveness of balloon microcompression in the treatment of patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 52 patients (18 men and 34 women) with trigeminal neuralgia who were operated with the use of balloon microcompression in neurosurgical department of the Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V.D. Seredavin over the period from February 2012 to June 2017. The evaluation of effectiveness was carried by Visual Analogue Scale, Macnub scale, the dose tapering of anti-epileptic medicines was also taken into account.

RESULTS: In postoperative period the decrease in pain syndrome was noticed by 48 patients (92.3%) from 90 ± 10 to 30 ± 10 points by Visual Analogue Scale. According to Macnub scale 29 patients (55.7%) estimated the level of treatment as “good”. 19 patients (36.5%) had negative emotional response due to the hypoesthesia, so the result was estimated as “satisfactory”. 39 patients (75%) managed to decrease the dosage of Finlepsin from 1000-1200 mg to 300-400 mg. Among them there were 8 patients (15%) who subsequently discontinued taking Finlepsin.

CONCLUSIONS: Balloon microcompression of Gasserian ganglion is a destructive-symptomatic method that must be considered the main modality only in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia or with contraindications for operative treatment. Balloon microcompression of Gasserian ganglion is a minimally destructive treatment mode, which allows to increase the effectiveness of treatment due to the alleviation of pain paroxysm in the area of trigeminal innervation and the decrease in dosage of anti-epileptic medicine.

• AIM: The purpose of this work is to develop and use the method for the quantitative determination of Aloe vera leaves (Aloe vera L. ex Webb) using UV spectrophotometry.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since the method of quantitative determination of Aloe vera leaves in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV edition is not available, it was developed at the Department of Pharmaceutical Economics and Management, Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacognozy of Orenburg State Medical University. According to this method the optimal conditions for the extraction of anthracene derivatives in aloe vera leaves are the following: extractant was 96% ethyl alcohol); the ratio of “raw material and extractant” was 1:10; extraction time was the extraction in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes and 15 minutes in an ultrasonic bath. The registration of the spectra was performed with the use of Unico 2800 spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 190-700 nm in cuvettes with the layer thickness of 10 mm, Vilitec VBS ultrasonic bath. The UV spectra of water-alcohol and alkali-ammonia solutions of Aloe vera leaves were investigated.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The quantification of the of anthracene derivatives (calculated on barbaloin) in Aloe vera leaves was carried out with the use of methodology that determines anthracene derivatives directly in the test solution without acid hydrolysis and oxidation of anthraglycosides. The developed method of quantitative analysis allowed to determine the content of the total anthracene derivatives in terms of barbaloin in fresh leaves of aloe vera, the content ranged from 3.0-5.0% (calculated on dry-air plant material).

CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the content of the total anthracene derivatives in Aloe vera leaves calculated on barbaloin is 3.33%.