Vol 25, No 2 (2025)

One of the main causes of miscarriage is cervical insufficiency, which achieved 40% of pregnancy losses in the second trimester; in the third trimester of pregnancy, cervical insufficiency occurs in every third case of premature birth, which leads to a colossal increase in perinatal losses.

The article presents the following clinical case: patient G., 24 years old, primigravida, at 23.5 weeks of pregnancy came to the emergency room of the Perinatal Center of Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V.D. Seredavin (level 3) with complaints of dull dragging pain in the lower abdomen. At 21-22 weeks the patient was already diagnosed with cervical insufficiency, an obstetric pessary was installed and therapy with micronized progesterone was started. During the gynecological examination, dilation of the cervical canal to 4 cm with prolapse of the fetal bladder was observed. The obstetric pessary was removed following resolution of threatened preterm labor symptoms with antibiotic therapy. A therapeutic McDonald cerclage was subsequently placed, and the patient was discharged. The pregnancy was prolonged to the full term. At 39 weeks, a full-term spontaneous labor occurred without complications, a boy was born weighing 3400 g, 53 cm, with 8-9 points on the Apgar scale.

Aim – using ABC/VEN-analysis, study the provision of vital and essential medicines to patients who have suffered from acute cardiovascular diseases, classify them according to the degree of importance and frequency of prescribing in order to predict and justify the need for financial resources.

Material and methods. The research used methods of structural, comparative, logical, ABC-analysis, VEN-analysis, computer technology, and content analysis. The object of the study was the nomenclature of medicines, indicators of entitled drug provision for persons suffering from acute cardiovascular diseases, regulatory legal acts regulating the provision of medicines to citizens, the State Register of Medicines.

Results. The study showed that the main share (72.96%) of entitled drug provision for patients included in the Register and under dispensary supervision under the regional program “Fighting cardiovascular diseases” falls on anticoagulants (B01), drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system (C09) and lipid-lowering drugs (C10), Group B (ABC-analysis) is 23.06%, represented by diuretics (C03), beta-blockers (C07), calcium channel blockers (C08). This ratio is due to the standards of medical care (clinical recommendations) for the treatment of acute cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction. Patients with these diseases make up 60% of the Register of persons under dispensary supervision in polyclinics. A VEN-analysis conducted with the participation of primary care physicians revealed the most commonly prescribed medications for the treatment of these diseases.

Conclusion. The peculiarities of the organization of entitled drug provision for people suffering from cardiovascular diseases under the regional program have been studied. The ABC-analysis revealed the most consumed groups of drugs, and the VEN-analysis, frequently prescribed drugs. It was found that there is a connection with the prescription of drugs, standards of medical care, the structure of the regional Register of persons under dispensary supervision and the formation of an application for the resource provision of the program. The joint implementation of ABC and VEN analysis allows us to assess the expediency of spending financial resources.

The aim of the review is to examine the evidence on models and strategies for pharmacotherapy of urolithiasis and new treatment methods. This article discusses the main medicinal products used for the pharmacotherapy of nephrolithiasis in the Russian Federation in accordance with the clinical recommendations of the Russian Society of Urologists, as well as those used in foreign practice.

Aim – to carry out a retrospective comparative analysis of the clinical results of implantation of monofocal and EDOF IOLs in patients with a history of refractive surgery.

Material and methods. The final study protocol included data from 101 patients (133 eyes). After phacoemulsification, various IOL models were implanted. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, patients with implanted monofocal IOLs, Group 2, with implanted EDOF IOLs. The work included a comparative analysis of uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UCVA and CDVA), refraction data before phacoemulsification and 1 month after cataract surgery. In patients of Group 2, UCVA and CDVA at near (30 cm) and medium (45 cm) distances were also assessed in the postoperative period.

Results. 1 month after surgery: in Group 1, the uncorrected visual acuity at a distance after surgery increased to 0.60 (0.40; 0.90), and the visual acuity was 0.80 (0.60; 1.00), in Group 2, the uncorrected visual acuity after surgery was 0.60 (0.50; 0.90), and the visual acuity was 0.80 (0.70; 1.00). At the near distance (30 cm), the uncorrected visual acuity and visual acuity in patients in Group 2 were 0.54 ± 0.18 and 0.50 ± 0.17, respectively. At the medium distance (45 cm), these values were 0.42 ± 0.17 and 0.50 ± 0.17 (45 cm), respectively.

Conclusions. EDOF IOL implantation provides high refractive results at the distance, comparable to the results of monofocal IOL implantation in patients with a history of keratorefractive surgeries. EDOF IOLs provide acceptable visual acuity at near and intermediate distances. At the same time, near uncorrected visual acuity at 30 cm has higher values than at 45 cm, due to the summation of the pseudoaccommodative effect of the EDOF IOL and the optically altered cornea.

Aim – to study the effectiveness of reparative osteogenesis during the operation of guided bone tissue regeneration using various combinations of osteoplastic materials by cone-beam computed tomography.

Material and methods. In experimental animals, various ratios of compositions of autogenous osteoplastic compositions from bone chips of the lower jaw or ilium, xenogenic osteoplastic material and bioresorbable membrane were used.

Results. The optical density of the bone regenerate was estimated by computed tomography after the method of guided tissue regeneration. Reparative osteogenesis was studied using various combinations of autogenous bone and xenogenic material.

Conclusions. The obtained results allow us to recommend the use of compositions of osteoplastic materials from autogenous bone and xenogenic material for practical use. It has been experimentally proven that high rates of bone tissue regeneration are achieved using a mixture consisting of 25% autogenous bone (angle of mandible, internal mouth cavity of donor) and 75% xenogenic material.

Aim – study of the influence and evaluation of the effectiveness of periodontal scaling on the improvement of periodontal tissue, reducing inflammatory processes and preventing complications, with further training in individual oral hygiene and determining the indicators of hygienic indices in the follow-up.

Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the dental clinic of the Mordovia State University named after N.P. Ogarev. To conduct the study, sociological, clinical and analytical methods were used. A total of 53 respondents aged from 18 to 44 years took part in the survey, (17 male, 36 female). Among them, 25 people with mild to moderate inflammatory periodontal diseases were randomly selected to conduct a clinical study.

Results. A clinical assessment of the periodontal tissue condition was performed using periodontal index (PI), papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA), communal periodontal index (CPI), and the level of oral hygiene was assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). After periodontal scaling, a decrease in the PI was recorded from 1.6 to 0.67, PMA, from 41.7% to 17.7%, and the percentage of intact sextants increased by 92.6%, reaching 100% (CPI).

Conclusion. The results of the study show that the use of periodontal scaling effectively reduces inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues.

Aim – to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of crude and fractionated extracts from polypore fruiting bodies (Fomitopsis spp.) native to Belarus.

Material and methods. Polypore mushroom extracts were obtained through remaceration and fractionation using solvents of increasing polarity in a Soxhlet apparatus. Total phenolic, steroid, and triterpenoid content was quantified by photometric methods, while antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms was assessed via agar well diffusion assay.

Results. It was shown that the extracts of P. betulinus demonstrate an effect on S. aureus, B. subtilis and S. marcescens compared to that of antibiotics. The extracts of F. pinicola showed morerate activity against S. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa. The fractioning of extracts based on their polarity revealed prevalence of triterpenoid compounds in non-polar fractions, their major concentration being found in the extracts of P. betulinus. Phenolic compounds accumulate mostly in ethylacetate and ethanolic fractions, the highest concentration being found in the extracts of Ph. igniarius and F. fomentarius. The results of antibacterial screening of fractionated extracts confirmed the leading role of lypophillic components in the antimicrobial activity of polypores: the non-polar fractions (petroleum ether, CHCl₃, and ethylacetate) demonstrated higher levels of antimicrobial activity.

Conclusions. The results highlight the promise of investigating lipophilic compounds from Fomitopsis polypores as potential sources of natural antimicrobial agents. Future research will focus on isolating and characterizing active compounds, elucidating their mechanisms of action, and exploring medical applications.

Aim – to develop a method for the quantitative determination of the amount of flavonoids in the herb of Astragalus glycyphyllus.

Material and methods. The object of the study was the herb of a perennial wild herbaceous plant, Licorice-leaved Astralagus herb, Astragalus glycyphyllus L., of the legume family Fabaceae, harvested in the Kursk region during 2023-2024. The raw materials were harvested independently during the mass flowering phase of the plant. With all the variety of methods for quantitative determination of the flavonoid content in plant raw materials, differential spectrophotometry was chosen as the most convenient and reproducible method. At the initial stage of the methodology development, the conditions for raw material extraction were determined, allowing for maximum extraction of flavonoids. Then, the most suitable conditions for complexation and spectrophotometry were selected empirically. Spectrophotometry itself was carried out on an SF-2000 spectrophotometer in the wavelength range from 350 to 450 nm.

Results. The highest yield of flavonoids from the herb of Astragalus glycyphyllus can be achieved in the following conditions: the raw material is ground to 1 mm, the extraction agent is 70% ethyl alcohol, extraction is performed with heating in a boiling water bath for 45 minutes. The optimal conditions for the reaction of complexation with a chromogenic reagent are the use of 2 ml of a 5% solution of aluminum chloride. Stable coloration of extracts from raw materials with aluminum chloride occurs after 15 minutes and lasts for 90 minutes. Measurement of optical density were carried out at a wavelength of 405 ± 5 nm, which is the absorption maximum for this type of raw material. Since this value coincides with the absorption maximum of hyperoside with aluminum chloride, the hyperoside of Fitopanatseya LLC was used as a standard sample. As the results showed, the content of the sum of flavonoids in the herb of Astragalus glycyphyllus in terms of hyperoside averages 1.03 ± 0.041%, the error of a single determination with a probability of 95% does not exceed 4.51%. Based on these values, it is recommended to establish the standard of flavonoid content in the herb of Astragalus glycyphyllus of at least 1.0%.

Conclusion. The developed method can be used to standardize the raw material of Astragalus glycyphyllus herb by the content of flavonoids, as the main group of active substances, when developing regulatory documentation and determining the commodity characteristics of the analyzed raw materials.