Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common infectious syndrome in women of reproductive age, associated with serious reproductive and obstetric complications. Traditional approaches to the prevention and therapy of BV, based on universal schemes, demonstrate a high level of relapse, which indicates their insufficient effectiveness.

The review article analyzes current literature data on the problem of diagnosis and treatment of bacterial vaginosis, summarizing existing approaches and identifying controversial issues.

Aim: to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its relationship with hyperuricemia among locomotive crew members and track workers with arterial hypertension.

Material and methods. The study included 136 men, railway transport workers with arterial hypertension. Group I consisted of 74 locomotive crew workers (engine drivers and their assistants), having high psycho-emotional stress. Group II included 62 patients: track fitters, whose professional activity is associated with increased physical activity and minimal psycho-emotional stress The general clinical part of the study included collection of complaints, anamnesis, examination, anthropometric data with determination of BMI, waist circumference. Laboratory tests included biochemical studies of cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar, and blood sugar 2 hours after a meal.

Results. The frequency of metabolic syndrome is 73% and 58%, respectively, in the first and second groups. A relationship was found between hyperuricemia and the components of metabolic syndrome: with the level of triglycerides among all railway workers surveyed (r = 0.22, p <  0.05) and among locomotive crew workers (r = 0.32, p <  0.05). An inverse correlation was found between hyperuricemia and the level of HDL among track workers (r = -0.27, p <  0.05).

Conclusion. Control of risk factors and timely correction of metabolic syndrome components in railway workers with arterial hypertension are becoming necessary measures to improve the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.

Aim: to develop approaches to improving drug provision for outpatients with diabetes mellitus (based on the results of pharmacoepidemiological monitoring of antidiabetic drugs consumption in the retail pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation).

Material and methods. The study utilized the following methods: content analysis; comparative, structural, logical, retrospective, graphical, economic, computational, and DDD analyses; methods for systematization, grouping, analysis, generalization and forecasting of data; index methods; logical-semantic modeling; sociological methods (surveys). Statistical processing of the numerical data was performed using the IBM SPSS Advanced Statistics 24.0 statistical software package, No. 5725-A54; Python programming language with the following statistical libraries: pandas, scipy.stats, numpy, statsmodels, scikit-learn, matplotlib, seaborn.

Results. The following areas have been developed for improving the provision of drugs to outpatients with diabetes: increasing the efficiency of managing the provision of drugs to patients with diabetes; improving the range of combined antidiabetic drugs produced by domestic pharmaceutical companies in accordance with the country’s national security strategy, current clinical guidelines, and the polypill concept of effective pharmacotherapy; optimizing the pharmacy range of combined antidiabetic drugs by expanding the range of combination antidiabetic drugs; enhancing the theoretical knowledge and professional competencies of medical and pharmaceutical specialists to ensure rational prescribing of antidiabetic drugs and improve the effectiveness of pharmaceutical counseling for patients with diabetes (computer program, database); and improving compliance in patients with diabetes (website information resources on diabetes prevention and treatment compliance).

Conclusion. This article describes areas for improving the provision of drugs to outpatients with diabetes to ensure effective pharmacotherapy, ensure national drug safety, and improve compliance in patients with diabetes.

Aim: to investigate the impact of nasal decongestant use duration on the severity of sinonasal symptoms as measured by the SNOT-22 questionnaire in patients with druginduced rhinitis and to evaluate the informativeness of this instrument in this patient population.

Material and methods. The study was conducted on a sample of 80 patients (mean age 36.0 (25.0; 55.0) years) with drug-induced rhinitis, taking into account the duration of nasal decongestant use. The SNOT-22 total score and its factors (sinonasal symptoms, otologic manifestations, decreased psychoemotional state, and sleep disturbance) were used to assess the patients’ quality of life.

Results. Analysis of symptoms exerting the most negative impact on the patients’ quality of life according to SNOT-22 revealed that in Group I patients, these included nasal discharge in 32 (74.4%) patients, nasal congestion in 43 (100%) patients, and rhinorrhea in 21 (48.8%) patients. In Group II patients, the most common symptoms were nasal congestion in 37 (100%) patients, fatigue in 20 (54.1%) patients, and reduced smell/taste in 23 (62%) patients.

Statistically significant differences were found in sinonasal symptom severity between groups (p = 0.013): patients with ≤ 3 years of use reported more pronounced nasal discharge and congestion, while patients with > 3 years of use demonstrated marked smell/taste reduction. However, absolute SNOT-22 values (8.2±1.6 and 7.2±1.6 points out of maximum 110) indicate no clinically significant impact of drug-induced rhinitis on quality of life in either group.

Conclusion. The sinonasal symptoms of medicationinduced rhinitis (nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, and impaired sense of smell) show varying severity depending on the duration of decongestant use, which is reflected in the scores of the sinonasal subscale of SNOT-22. At the same time, the total SNOT-22 score in both groups remains low and formally corresponds to an absent or minimal impact on quality of life, despite clinically significant overuse of nasal decongestants. This suggests that SNOT-22, although a validated and highly sensitive instrument in chronic rhinosinusitis and vasomotor rhinitis, may underestimate the impact of medicationinduced rhinitis on quality of life. To assess the condition of patients with druginduced rhinitis, it appears reasonable to use other screening methods, such as specialized questionnaires that include items on the duration and pattern of decongestant use, sleep characteristics, and the psychoemotional consequences of medication dependence.

Two clinical cases are presented to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of cataract phacoemulsification with implantation of a fully refractive extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Patient K., 62 years old, was diagnosed with complicated immature cataract, stage I primary open-angle glaucoma, high myopia and astigmatism. Patient S., 68 years old, was diagnosed with complicated mature cataract, stage I primary open-angle glaucoma and astigmatism. All patients underwent cataract phacoemulsification with implantation of a fully refractive EDOF intraocular lens: in one eye in patient K. and in both eyes in patient S. Visual function was evaluated before surgery and 1 month after the procedure. Visual performance at far, intermediate, and near distances was assessed using binoptometry. Intraocular pressure, anterior segment parameters, static automated perimetry results and optical coherence tomography data were also analyzed. One month after surgery, both patients demonstrated improvement in visual performance at near, intermediate, and far distances. According to binoptometry, uncorrected visual acuity reached up to 0.63 at 40 cm, up to 0.7 at 60 cm, and up to 0.8-1.0 at 5 m. In the early postoperative period, no unfavorable changes in intraocular pressure were detected. In both clinical observations, an increase in the iridocorneal angle and anterior chamber volume was observed. Optical coherence tomography revealed no negative dynamics in the morphometric parameters of the retina and optic nerve. The patients were subjectively satisfied with the obtained visual results.

The choice of surgical approach for total knee arthroplasty remains a matter of debate. This review compares five main approaches: medial parapatellar, subvastus, midvastus, lateral parapatellar and quadriceps-sparing. These approaches are analyzed for their technical characteristics, perioperative parameters, and functional outcomes. Quadriceps-sparing approaches demonstrate advantages in the early postoperative period and are compatible with ERAS protocols. However, long-term functional outcomes are comparable across all approaches. The choice of the optimal surgical approach should be determined by individual patient characteristics, the degree of deformity, and the surgical experience of the operating team.

In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in research focused on the anatomy, biomechanics, and nature of sternoclavicular joint injuries due to the increasing incidence of injuries in patients of various age groups. This article presents a review of 35 scientific publications, including those from previous decades, devoted to the analysis of treatment for sternoclavicular joint instability. The following scientific databases were searched: PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI).

A review of the literature shows that a unified treatment algorithm for patients with sternoclavicular joint instability that could qualify as the “gold standard” has not yet been developed. The variability of surgical techniques, the limited clinical data, which has not significantly increased in recent decades, and the high rate of complications indicate the need for additional research in this area. Forming a unified scientific perspective is essential for developing an optimal approach to treating sternoclavicular joint instability and reducing the risk of complications.

Postoperative hematuria is one of the most common complications in urology, with an incidence of up to 20% after procedures such as transurethral resection of the prostate, laser enucleation, or partial nephrectomy. This literature review aims to analyze current data on the prevalence, risk factors, clinical consequences, diagnostic principles, and modern treatment methods for postoperative hematuria in urological patients, with an emphasis on recent data and clinically significant trends. The study included a search of studies from January 2017 to May 2026 in the eLibrary, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.

Diatoms of the genus Skeletonema are a new source of high-value metabolites, potentially suitable for use in various industries, including the pharmaceutical sector and medicine. Representatives of this genus are easily renewable, resistant to various environmental factors, therefore, they are the object of fundamental and applied research in many aspects.

Skeletonema sp. exhibits various types of pharmacological activity. Thus, the antimicrobial effect of Skeletonema sp. in relation to Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusarium moniliforme, Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis. Skeletonema sp. can be used in dermatovenereology and pulmonology due to antimicrobial effect of pheophorbide in microalgae chemical composition. Pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Skeletonema sp. may stem from exopolysaccharides, phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and pigments. A number of studies show the possibility of using biologically active compounds of the Skeletonema river representatives (monoacylglycerols, polyunsaturated aldehydes, oxoacids, fucoxanthin) as promising anti-cancer agents and have promising potential for the treatment of colon cancer, histiocytic lymphoma, prostate cancer and melanoma. Osteoprotective action is based on the ability to modulate the immune response and inhibit osteoclastogenesis, expanding the range of treatments for osteoporosis and other diseases of the musculoskeletal system caused by inflammation. The anticonvulsant activity of Skeletonema sp. Extract was also revealed, apparently due to the presence of inosine, which can find its application in the treatment of neurological disorders.

This review includes an analysis of 32 domestic and foreign literature sources posted in the open database eLIBRARY and PubMed and devoted to the study of chemical composition and pharmacological properties of Skeletonema sp. This work will help assess the relevance and prospects of further research of diatoms of the genus Skeletonema as a source of valuable biologically active substances and their therapeutic potential.